July 27, 2023
As solar energy continues to gain momentum as a sustainable and cost-effective power source, it is essential to understand and address common mistakes and challenges associated with solar photovoltaic (PV) system design and maintenance. A well-designed solar PV system can achieve up to 25% higher energy yields compared to poorly installed systems. Hence attention to detail and hiring a professional engineer can significantly pay off the initial investment. In this article, we’ll explore key points that are overseen by less experienced engineers and offer actionable insights on avoiding common pitfalls.
Common Solar Mistakes and How to Avoid Them
1) Improper Sizing: One of the most common mistakes in PV system design is improper sizing. Undersized systems can lead to underperformance, while oversized systems may result in wasted resources. Accurate energy demand calculations and an in-depth understanding of energy consumption patterns are crucial for a well-sized system.
2) Shading Issues: Shading from nearby objects or structures can significantly reduce the energy output of solar panels. Proper site assessment and shade analysis tools should be utilized during the design phase to ensure optimal panel placement.
3) Inadequate Maintenance: Neglecting regular maintenance can lead to reduced system efficiency and increased downtime. Loose or corroded electrical connections can lead to system performance problems or shutdowns. Routine inspections should be done twice a year, this can ensure that solar PV systems retain up to 95% of their original efficiency after 25 years of operation.
4) Inverter Failures: Inverters are critical components and are prone to internal faults and environmental damage when converting DC to AC. High-quality inverters, proper ventilation, and regular inspections help prevent failures. High-quality string inverters operate at 95-97% efficiency, while microinverters and power optimizers can achieve 96-98% efficiency.
5) Underestimating Degradation and Hotspots: Solar panels experience degradation over time, leading to decreased efficiency. Implement effective monitoring to detect degradation and hotspots early on. Proper grounding and selecting PID-resistant (Potential Induced Degradation) modules help mitigate power loss over time.
6) Grid Connection Challenges: Integrating solar PV systems with existing power grids can present technical challenges and regulatory hurdles. Coordination with local utilities and compliance with grid codes are essential to ensure smooth grid connection.
7) Choosing the Right Solar Panels: modern panels cost slightly more than 5 years older models, but they can achieve impressive efficiencies. High-quality monocrystalline panels reach up to 20-22%, polycrystalline panels range from 15-17%, and thin-film panels, while less efficient, can offer 10-12%.
P.S. Solar-cell efficiency refers to the portion of energy in the form of sunlight that can be converted via photovoltaics into electricity by the solar cell. The reason why solar panel efficiency is never 100% is because not all photons are absorbed. Some photons that hit a solar cell are reflected away from the cell’s surface. Out of those photons that are absorbed, some have their energy turned into heat in a process of internal recombination instead of producing electric current. These efficiency losses are inevitable hence anything above 20% is considered a high-efficiency panel. And this is a good number as a typical residential solar PV system with an efficiency of 15% can offset the emission of around 80 tons of CO2 over a 30-year period (equivalent to planting more than 1’500 trees). Additionally, in reference to Return on Investment (ROI): PV systems on commercial building roofs have payback periods of 4-7 years, after which the system generates free electricity for many years.
By mastering solar PV system design and maintenance and avoiding common pitfalls, individuals and businesses can unlock the full potential of solar energy. Accurate system sizing, proactive maintenance, and proper installation techniques lead to optimal performance and efficiency. Leveraging high-quality components and employing advanced monitoring technologies ensure long-term benefits and attractive returns on investment. With solar panel efficiencies reaching up to 22% and inverter efficiencies exceeding 98%, the solar industry continues to thrive as a key player in the global transition to clean and sustainable energy sources.
Curious to find out, how beneficial it would be to have a 100kW – 500kW PV station on your commercial roof? Get in touch with us and we’ll tell you! Email: info@sunwise.lv.